Archive for category Introduction to finance
I just got my first real job, what do I do now?
Posted by WoB in Introduction to finance on June 4, 2009
There are many pitfalls that you should avoid when you start making money. You need to review your benefit policy. Look for things like direct deposit, healthcare, vacation time, 401k matching, tuition reimbursement, and healthcare spending (savings) accounts. Read through all of it. Some companies have start dates for certain benefits. An example would be: healthcare after 3 months, vacation after 6 months, and 401k after your first year. Mark these down in your calendar along with anything that you might have to do to take advantage of them.
With each paycheck, you will become more and more tempted to spend money frivolously. Remember that you need to start saving right away so that you don’t get used to spending it all. Find out if you can have a portion of your paycheck deposited directly into a savings account. If this is possible, do it even if it’s only 5 or 10%.
If you can’t split your direct deposit, or you don’t have direct deposit, you should open an online savings account and have it pull out a set amount each pay period. This will be the surest way to make sure you are spending less than you earn (for more on this, see this post).
Make sure to create a “rainy day fund”. This fund is to be used in case of job loss or a real emergency. Having one of these accounts takes a real weight off. Once you have a nice cushion in the account, you should find a nice minimum balance that you feel comfortable having in there. Some people say 3 months earnings, some people say 6. I’d say it depends on your job, your monthly expenses, and tons of other factors. The one rule that I would follow is find a number over the amount of money that you would need during the time that it would take you to find another job.
The next step is retirement planning. Yes, I said retirement. The sooner you get started, the more time your money has to earn you money. For more on this click here.
Retirement planning for 20 something’s
Posted by WoB in Introduction to finance, Retirement Planning on June 3, 2009
So, you’ve landed your first job and gotten your first few paychecks. This is a great time to get started on the right foot. There are many things that you should know. This is just a quick jump start for you to use when you begin retirement planning.
The first step is to find out what your company offers. If they offer a Roth 401k, this is ideal. It allows you to put away money after taxes, but earn interest tax free. When you retire, you can make withdrawals from this account without getting charged income tax. This is a great account.
If they offer a regular 401k, many companies offer matching funds. Something like, 100% of the first 3% and 50% of the next 2%. If this is the case, you MUST invest at least 5%. This will maximize your companies match and earn you an immediate 80% return (in this case).
Once you have invested that 5% or if your company doesn’t match, I would max out a Roth IRA. You can get these at most of the brokerage firms, Fidelity or Vanguard are a few of the good ones. The limits change every once in a while but it is something like $5000 for each working adult. After that is maxed out start back in on your 401k. If your company doesn’t offer a 401k then get a regular IRA at Fidelity of Vanguard. So my order of Preference is:
Roth 401k or 401k with match
Roth IRA
401K
IRA
It is always a good idea to have some money in a Roth. When you retire, you will have to draw down on your accounts. It will be nice to be able to choose not to break into a higher tax bracket by taking some money from each type of account.
Spend less than you earn
Posted by WoB in Introduction to finance, Savings on June 1, 2009
There is a concept that used to be obvious to everyone that has now been lost by many. This is a self explanatory, common sense, and obvious concept. If you are able to embrace it, you will always be headed in the right direction. If you fail to, month after month, you will find that it is a slippery slope.
If you are not making ends meet, you need to adjust your ends. It’s hard to break old habits. Deciding what to sacrifice is the most difficult part of the process. Here are some areas where you might be able to cut back.
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Eating out
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Cable bill
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Fast internet
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Hobbies
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Groceries
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Expensive vacations
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Car payments
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Electronics
This list could go on, and I know that you can think of many more.
If you’ve made as many cuts as you can and still find yourself unable to stay above water, you need to track spending. When you first start tracking spending, you are almost always amazed on how much you spend on the little things. These are the next things that should be reined in. I’d recommend it for almost anyone and I have created a simple budget spreadsheet in excel that really helps. Download it here. Check out a few tips to help you use it here.